Acute Caffeine and Coconut Oil Intake, Isolated or Combined, Does Not Improve Running Times of Recreational Runners: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled and Crossover Study.

The aim was to evaluate the effect of caffeine (CAF) and extra virgin coconut oil (CO), isolated or combined, on running performance in runners. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, and crossover study was conducted with thirteen recreational runners aged 18-40. All volunteers performed a 1600 m time trial at a 400 m track, each ingesting four different substances: (1) placebo (water), (2) decaffeinated coffee plus isolated CAF (DECAF + CAF), (3) decaffeinated coffee plus isolated CAF plus soy oil (DECAF + CAF + SO), and (4) decaffeinated coffee plus isolated CAF plus extra virgin coconut oil (DECAF + CAF + CO). The substances were ingested 60 min before the trials, the order of the situations was randomized, and there were one-week intervals between them. At the end of the trials, the Borg scale was applied to evaluate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the time was measured. Results: Our data did not show differences in running time among the trials (placebo: 7.64 ± 0.80, DECAF + CAF: 7.61 ± 1.02, DECAF + CAF + SO: 7.66 ± 0.89, and DECAF + CAF + CO: 7.58 ± 0.74 min; p = 0.93), nor RPE (placebo: 6.15 ± 2.03, DECAF + CAF: 6.00 ± 2.27, DECAF + CAF + SO: 6.54 ± 2.73, and DECAF + CAF + CO: 6.00 ± 2.45 score; p = 0.99). Lactate concentrations (placebo: 6.23 ± 2.72, DECAF + CAF: 4.43 ± 3.77, DECAF + CAF + SO: 5.29 ± 3.77, and DECAF + CAF + CO: 6.17 ± 4.18 mmol/L; p = 0.55) also was not modified. Conclusion: Our study shows that ingestion of decaffeinated coffee with the addition of isolated CAF and extra virgin CO, either isolated or combined, does not improve 1600 m running times, nor influence RPE and lactate concentrations in recreational runners. Thus, combination of coffee with CO as a pre-workout supplement seems to be unsubstantiated for a short-distance race.

Entre revelar e esconder: pais e filhos em face da descoberta da homossexualidade / Between revealing and hiding: parents and children faced with the disclosure of homosexuality / Entre revelar y esconder: padres e hijos frenta al descubrimiento de la homosexualidad

Este trabalho trata da relação entre pais e filhos quando diante da situação social da descoberta da homossexualidade. Foram ouvidos 20 jovens brasileiros do sexo masculino entre 18 e 24 anos de idade, universitários, de camadas médias e que se autoidentificam como homossexuais. Privilegiamos conhecer as experiências vividas por esses jovens no sentido de assumir a homossexualidade em casa. O reconhecimento da homossexualidade pelos familiares e, sobretudo, entre eles mesmos movimenta nesses jovens todo um conjunto de medos que se expressam em formas concretas de violência, sofrimento psíquico e incertezas. Procuramos compreender como esses jovens lidam com as agressões e os sofrimentos que cotidianamente recaem sobre suas vidas, indo de encontro a um esforço coercitivo de seus familiares para os adequarem à norma sexual hegemônica.

This paper addresses parent-child relations when faced with the social situation of the disclusure of homosexuality. Twenty 18-to-24 year old young middle-class male college students who self-identify as gay were heard, privileging their coming out experiences at home. The recognition of their homosexuality by their families, and particularly by themselves activates a variety of fears and concrete forms of violence, psychological distress and uncertainty. We seek to understand how these youths cope with aggression and suffering, reacting to a coercive effort by their relatives to adequate them to the hegemonic sexual norm.

Este artículo estudia la relación entre padres e hijos ante la situación social de descubrimiento de la homosexualidad. Se entrevistaron 20 jóvenes brasileños de sexo masculino, de entre 18 y 24 años de edad, universitarios, de camadas medias y que se autoidentifican como homosexuales. Se privilegió conocer las experiencias vividas por esos jóvenes, en el sentido de asumir su homosexualidad en casa. El reconocimiento de la homosexualidad por parte de los familiares y, especialmente, entre ellos mismos, pone en movimiento en los jóvenes un conjunto de miedos que se expresan en formas concretas de violencia, sufrimiento psíquico e incertidumbre. Se procura comprender cómo esos jóvenes lidian con las agresiones y sufrimientos que cotidianamente recaen sobre sus vidas al ir en contra del esfuerzo coercitivo de sus familiares para adecuarlos a la norma sexual hegemónica.